Other settlements followed, including San Cristobal de la Habana, founded in 1514 (southern coast of the island) and then in 1519 (current place), which later became the capital (1607). Descendants of the first settlers of Cuba persisted on the western part of the island until Columbian contact, where they were recorded as the Guanahatabey people, who lived a hunter-gatherer lifestyle. Cuba has an authoritarian government wherein political opposition is prohibited. Cuba was inhabited as early as the 4th millennium BC, with the Guanahatabey and Taíno peoples present at the time of Spanish colonization in the 15th century.
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Between the 18th and early 20th century, large waves of Canarian, Catalan, Andalusian, Galician, and other Spanish people immigrated to Cuba. Afro-Cubans are descended primarily from the Yoruba people, Bantu people from the Congo basin, Kalabari tribe and Arará from the Dahomey, as well as several thousand North African refugees, most notably the Sahrawi Arabs of Western Sahara. Many are descendants of farm laborers brought to the island by Spanish and American contractors during the 19th and early 20th century. Asians make up about 1% of the population and are largely of Chinese ancestry, followed by Japanese and Filipino.
In 1961 the Cuban government had imposed broad restrictions on travel to prevent the mass emigration of people after the 1959 revolution; it approved exit visas only on rare occasions. The country faced a severe economic downturn following the withdrawal of Soviet subsidies worth $4 billion to $6 billion annually, resulting in effects such as food and fuel shortages. In the 1950s, various organizations, including some advocating armed uprising, competed for public support in bringing about political change. On balance, during the period 1933–1940, Cuba suffered from fragile political structures, with three presidents in two years (1935–1936) and in the militaristic and repressive policies of Batista as head of the army. The period from 1933 to 1937 was a time of « virtually unremitting social and political warfare ». In 1908, self-government was restored when José Miguel Gómez was elected president, but the U.S. continued intervening in Cuban affairs.
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- As of 2015, the foreign-born population in Cuba was 13,336 inhabitants per the World Bank data.
- Historically, Cuba has ranked high in numbers of medical personnel and has made significant contributions to world health since the 19th century.
- In July 2010, the unofficial Cuban Human Rights Commission said there were 167 political prisoners in Cuba, a fall from 201 at the start of the year.
- In June 2019, the government announced an increase in public sector wages of about 300%, specifically for teachers and health personnel.
- Gender reassignment surgery and transgender hormone therapy are provided free of charge under the national healthcare system.
- In October 2023, OpenAI’s image generation model DALL-E 3 was integrated into ChatGPT.
If you want ChatGPT to think longer to improve the accuracy of its answers then you can select Thinking or Thinking mini from the model picker. OpenAI’s, ChatGPT-5 model can work across any combination of text, audio and images meaning many more applications for AI are now possible. OpenAI’s ChatGPT is leading the way in the generative AI revolution, quickly attracting millions of users, and promising to change the way we create and work. In the UK, a judge expressed concern about self-representing litigants wasting time by submitting documents containing significant hallucinations. In November 2025, OpenAI acknowledged that there have been « instances where our 4o model fell short in recognizing signs of delusion or emotional dependency », and reported that it is working to improve safety.
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- In 1975, the OAS lifted its sanctions against Cuba with the approval of 16 member states, including the United States.
- In some aspects however, like education, health care and life expectancy it ranks much better than most countries in Latin America.
- According to experts, the private sale of property could « transform Cuba more than any of the economic reforms announced by Cuban leader Raúl Castro’s government ».
- In 2024, it was reported that 8.19 million Cuban people have Internet access.
- A shadow market has emerged for Chinese users to get access to foreign software tools.
- Roman Catholicism is the largest religion, with its origins in Spanish colonization.
In November 2023, OpenAI released GPT Builder a tool for users to customize ChatGPT’s behavior for a specific use case. However, no machine translation services match human expert performance. In December 2023, the Albanian government decided to use ChatGPT for the rapid translation of European Union documents and the analysis of required changes needed for Albania’s accession to the EU. According to the company, Plus provided access during peak periods, no downtime, priority access to new features, and faster response speeds. In December 2024, OpenAI launched a new feature allowing users to call ChatGPT with a telephone for up to 15 minutes per month for free. GPT-based moderation classifiers are used to reduce the risk of harmful outputs being presented to users.
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The islands form an important segment of the Antilles (West Indies) island chain, which continues east and then south in a great arc enclosing the Caribbean Sea. Cuba’s other cities—including Santiago, Camagüey, Holguín, and, especially, Trinidad—offer a rich legacy of colonial Spanish architecture to complement contemporary buildings. However, the collapse of the Soviet Union in the early 1990s isolated Cuba still further, bringing on what Cubans euphemistically call the período especial (“special period”), a time of widespread shortages and financial uncertainty.
This meant that Cuba, which had sold most of its products to the Soviet Union, had no money coming into the country. Some Cubans who did not like the government and stayed were put in jail. Disagreeing with the Cuban government and Fidel Castro in public was not allowed. However, the Cuban government began to control most of life in Cuba under the communist system.
Official policies of the government from 1959 until the 1990s were hostile towards homosexuality, with the LGBT community marginalized on the basis of heteronormativity, traditional gender roles, and strict criteria for moralism. The government supported the proposed changes, but conservatives and parts of the opposition opposed them. Gender reassignment surgery and transgender hormone therapy are provided free of charge under the national healthcare system. In July 2021, there were several large protests against the government under the banner of Patria y Vida. Any form of discrimination harmful to human dignity is banned under the constitution. Raúl Castro stepped down from the presidency in 2018, and Miguel Díaz-Canel was elected president of the State Council by the National Assembly following parliamentary elections.
The main island, named Cuba, is 1,250 km (780 mi) long, constituting most of the nation’s land area (104,338 km2 or 40,285 sq mi) and is the largest island in the Caribbean and 17th-largest island in the world. President Donald Trump added https://www.betybets.nl/ Cuba to the State Sponsors of Terrorism list, implementing a series of additional economic sanctions on the country. Raúl Castro remained the First Secretary of the Communist Party and retained broad authority, including oversight over the president.
OpenAI has sometimes mitigated this effect by updating the training data. The feature is not available for users in the UK, Switzerland, or the European Economic Area, and is available on a waitlist basis everywhere else. On January 7, 2026, OpenAI introduced a feature called « ChatGPT Health », whereby ChatGPT can discuss the user’s health in a way that is separate from other chats. At launch, the feature was limited to purchases on Etsy from US users with a payment method linked to their OpenAI account. It was capable of autonomously performing tasks through web browser interactions, including filling forms, placing online orders, scheduling appointments, and other browser-based tasks.
In the 2002 Census, Cuba recorded a population of over 10,000,000 inhabitants. (due to economic crisis the 1990s census had to be postponed to 2002). In the 1981 Census, the population increased to 8,553,395. In the 1970 Census, Cuba registered a population of 7,077,190. In 1960, Cuba reached a population of 5,876,052.
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The population in 1841 was 1,007,624, of whom 425,521 were black slaves, 418,291 were white. Estimates suggest that between 1790 and 1820, some 325,000 Africans were imported to Cuba as slaves, which was four times the amount that had arrived between 1760 and 1790. Cuba developed slowly and, unlike the plantation islands of the Caribbean, had a diversified agriculture.